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March 29, 2023
CityPetHEALTH

Common Skin Problems In Dogs?

 Our beloved four-legged friends have skin underneath all that fur, just like humans. Skin disorders are one of the most common illnesses in dogs and can be caused by a variety of diseases or factors. These conditions range from minor to serious and can even spread to other animals and people. To help keep your pup safe and healthy, here are some of the most widespread canine skin issues along with tips on how to treat them:

Common Skin Problems:

Close up hands touching dog

There are several common skin problems that dogs can experience. Here are a few:

  1. Allergies: Dogs can have allergies to a variety of things, including food, pollen, dust, and flea bites. Allergies can cause skin irritation, itching, redness, and hair loss.
  2. Fleas and ticks: Fleas and ticks are common parasites that can cause skin irritation and infections. They can also transmit diseases to your dog.
  3. Hot spots: Hot spots are areas of skin that are inflamed and irritated. They are usually caused by allergies or flea bites and can be very painful for your dog.
  4. Bacterial and fungal infections: Dogs can develop bacterial and fungal infections on their skin, especially in warm and humid climates. These infections can cause itching, redness, and hair loss.
  5. Dry skin: Just like people, dogs can experience dry skin. This can be caused by a variety of factors, including weather, allergies, and poor nutrition. Dry skin can be itchy and uncomfortable for your dog.
  6. Skin cancer: Skin cancer is a relatively common problem in dogs, especially in older dogs and dogs with light-colored fur. Signs of skin cancer include lumps or bumps on the skin, sores that don’t heal, and changes in the color or texture of the skin.

If you notice any of these skin problems in your dog, it’s important to consult with your veterinarian. Your vet can help diagnose the problem and recommend the appropriate treatment to keep your dog comfortable and healthy.

Treatment of Common Skin Problems in Dogs:

Young woman taking a bath with her favorite dog, world dog love day concept.

The treatment of common skin problems in dogs can vary depending on the specific condition, but here are some general guidelines:

  1. Consult with your veterinarian: If you suspect that your dog has a skin problem, it’s important to take them to the vet for a proper diagnosis. The vet can recommend the appropriate treatment based on the specific condition.
  2. Medications: Your vet may prescribe medications to help treat the skin problem, such as antibiotics or antifungal medication for infections, anti-itch medications for allergies, or topical ointments or creams for hot spots or skin irritations.
  3. Topical treatments: Topical treatments, such as medicated shampoos, sprays, or creams, can be used to help treat skin conditions such as flea and tick infestations, infections, or allergies.
  4. Dietary changes: If your dog’s skin problems are caused by a food allergy or sensitivity, your vet may recommend changing their diet.
  5. Flea and tick prevention: If your dog’s skin problems are caused by fleas or ticks, it’s important to use flea and tick preventatives to eliminate the infestation and prevent future problems.
  6. Hygiene: Proper hygiene can also help prevent and treat skin problems. Regularly bathing your dog with a mild shampoo and keeping their bedding and toys clean can help reduce the risk of skin infections.
  7. Managing underlying conditions: If your dog has an underlying condition, such as hypothyroidism, that is contributing to their skin problems, your vet may recommend treatment for that condition as well.

Overall, the treatment of common skin problems in dogs involves a combination of medications, topical treatments, and changes to your dog’s diet and hygiene routine. By following your vet’s recommendations and being diligent about preventing and treating skin problems, you can help keep your dog’s skin healthy and comfortable.

Preventing Common Skin Problems in Dogs:

Person cutting dog's fur via clipper

Preventing common skin problems in dogs is an important part of keeping your furry friend healthy and comfortable., but there are several things you can do to help keep your dog’s skin healthy:

  1. Regular grooming: Regular grooming can help remove dirt, debris, and loose hair from your dog’s coat. It also allows you to check your dog’s skin for any signs of irritation, bumps, or infections.
  2. A healthy diet: A balanced and nutritious diet can help keep your dog’s skin healthy and reduce the risk of skin problems. Talk to your vet about the best diet for your dog.
  3. Avoiding allergens: If your dog has allergies, try to identify and avoid the allergens that trigger their symptoms. This may include certain foods, pollen, or other environmental allergens.
  4. Flea and tick prevention: Use flea and tick preventatives to help prevent infestations that can cause skin irritation and infections.
  5. Regular vet check-ups: Regular check-ups with your vet can help identify and treat any skin problems before they become more serious.
  6. Proper hygiene: Keep your dog’s bedding, toys, and other items clean and free of bacteria and other pathogens. Regularly clean your dog’s ears and brush their teeth to prevent infections.
  7. Protect your dog from the sun: Like humans, dogs can also get sunburnt. Make sure to protect your dog from the sun’s harmful rays, especially during peak hours by providing shade, using dog-friendly sunscreen, or covering them with protective clothing.

By following these tips, you can help prevent many common skin problems in dogs and keep your furry friend healthy and happy.

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March 22, 2023
CityPetHEALTH

Ear Infection in Dog: Causes, Symptoms, & Treatments

An ear infection in dogs, also known as otitis externa, is a condition that affects the outer ear canal. It is a common problem among dogs, particularly those with long, floppy ears or dogs that love to swim. 

The infection is caused by the overgrowth of bacteria, yeast, or other microorganisms in the ear canal, which can result in inflammation, pain, and discomfort for the dog.

Symptoms of ear infection in dogs may include scratching or rubbing at the ears, shaking the head, redness or swelling in the ear canal, foul odor coming from the ear, discharge from the ear, and sensitivity or pain when the ear is touched.

It is important to seek veterinary care if your dog is showing signs of an ear infection, as untreated infections can lead to more serious complications such as hearing loss or even facial paralysis in severe cases.

Causes:

Close up on veterinarian taking care of dog's Ear

There are several different causes of ear infections in dogs, including:

  1. Allergies: Dogs can be allergic to a variety of environmental factors such as pollen, dust, and mold. Allergies can cause inflammation in the ear canal and lead to infection.
  2. Ear Mites: Ear mites are a common parasite that can cause ear infections in dogs. They live in the ear canal and feed on earwax and skin debris, which can cause irritation and inflammation.
  3. Moisture: Moisture in the ear canal can create a warm, damp environment that is conducive to bacterial and yeast growth. This can occur from swimming or bathing, or simply from excessive wax buildup.
  4. Ear Anatomy: Some dog breeds, such as Cocker Spaniels and Basset Hounds, have long, floppy ears that can trap moisture and debris in the ear canal, leading to infection.
  5. Trauma: Trauma to the ear, such as from scratching or head shaking, can damage the delicate skin in the ear canal and create an environment that is more prone to infection.
  6. Foreign Bodies: Sometimes, foreign objects such as grass, dirt, or seeds can become lodged in the ear canal and cause irritation and infection.

It is important to identify the underlying cause of the ear infection in order to effectively treat it and prevent future infections. Your veterinarian can help determine the cause of your dog’s ear infection and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

Regenerate response

Symptoms:

Vet in white lab coat examining dog ear

The symptoms of an ear infection in dogs can vary depending on the severity of the infection and the underlying cause. Some common symptoms of ear infections in dogs include:

  1. Head shaking: Dogs with ear infections may shake their heads frequently to try to relieve the discomfort.
  2. Scratching or rubbing the ears: Dogs may scratch or rub their ears more than usual, and they may paw at their ears.
  3. Redness and swelling: The skin inside the ear canal may be red, inflamed, or swollen.
  4. Odor or discharge: A foul odor or discharge may be present in the ear, which can be a sign of infection.
  5. Sensitivity or pain: Dogs may be more sensitive to touch around the ears, and they may flinch or yelp when the ears are touched.
  6. Loss of balance or coordination: In severe cases, dogs may have difficulty maintaining their balance or coordination, which can be a sign of a more serious infection.

If you notice any of these symptoms, it is important to have your dog examined by a veterinarian as soon as possible. Ear infections can be very uncomfortable and even painful for dogs, and prompt treatment can help prevent more serious complications.

Treatments:

Veterinarian drips dog drops in ear

The treatment for ear infections in dogs depends on the severity of the infection and the underlying cause. Here are some common treatments that veterinarians may recommend:

  1. Ear Cleaning: Thorough cleaning of the ear is usually the first step in treating an ear infection. Your veterinarian may recommend an ear cleaning solution that is safe for dogs to use at home, or they may perform the cleaning in the clinic.
  2. Medications: Depending on the type of infection, your veterinarian may prescribe topical or oral medications. Topical medications may include antibiotics, antifungal medications, or corticosteroids to reduce inflammation. Oral medications may be prescribed if the infection is severe or if the infection has spread beyond the ear.
  3. Treating Underlying Causes: If the infection is caused by allergies or other underlying conditions, your veterinarian may recommend dietary changes or prescription allergy medications to help manage the condition.
  4. Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to treat chronic or severe ear infections that do not respond to other treatments. This may involve removing the affected tissue or repairing the eardrum.
  5. Follow-up Care: Your veterinarian will likely recommend follow-up appointments to monitor your dog’s progress and ensure that the infection is fully cleared up.

It is important to follow your veterinarian’s instructions closely and complete the full course of treatment to ensure that the infection is fully cleared up and prevents recurrence.

Precautions:

Close up doctor checking dog's ear

There are several precautions you can take to help prevent ear infections in dogs, including:

  1. Regular Ear Cleaning: Regularly cleaning your dog’s ears can help remove excess wax and debris that can lead to infection. Be sure to use a solution that is safe for dogs and follow the instructions carefully.
  2. Monitor Moisture: Moisture can create a warm, damp environment that is conducive to bacterial and yeast growth. Be sure to dry your dog’s ears thoroughly after bathing or swimming, and avoid getting water in the ears.
  3. Avoid Irritants: Some dogs may be sensitive to certain irritants, such as chemicals or perfumes in grooming products. Avoid using these products if they seem to cause irritation or inflammation.
  4. Control Allergies: If your dog has allergies, work with your veterinarian to develop a treatment plan to help manage the condition and reduce the risk of ear infections.
  5. Regular Vet Check-ups: Regular check-ups with your veterinarian can help identify potential problems before they become serious. Your veterinarian can also recommend preventive measures and provide guidance on how to properly care for your dog’s ears.

Taking these precautions can help reduce the risk of ear infections in dogs and ensure that your dog’s ears stay healthy and comfortable.

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March 17, 2023
CityPetHEALTH

Ringworm in Dogs: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

Ringworm is a fungal infection that can affect the skin, hair, and nails of dogs, as well as other animals and humans. Despite its name, it is not caused by a worm, but rather by a type of fungus called dermatophytes.

The infection can cause circular, patchy hair loss, which can be itchy and uncomfortable for the dog. The affected areas can appear red and scaly, and may also be accompanied by crusts or pustules.

Ringworm is highly contagious and can spread easily between dogs and other animals, as well as to humans. If you suspect that your dog may have ringworm, it is important to take them to the vet for a proper diagnosis and treatment.

Treatment typically involves antifungal medication, as well as measures to prevent the spread of the infection to other animals and humans.

Causes of Ringworm in Dogs:

Hands of veterinarians in blue protective gloves examines pekingese health

Ringworm in dogs is caused by a group of fungi known as dermatophytes that are commonly found or can live on the skin and hair of dogs and other animals.

  1. The most common types of dermatophytes that cause ringworm in dogs are typically one of three types: Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypsum, or Trichophyton mentagrophytes. These fungal spores can survive for long periods in the environment, including in soil, bedding, grooming tools, and other surfaces.
  2. Ringworm is highly contagious and can be spread between dogs through direct contact with infected animals or contaminated objects.
  3. Dogs who have weakened immune systems, are malnourished, poor hygiene or live in unsanitary conditions may be more susceptible to ringworm.
  4. In addition to direct contact, ringworm can also be spread through airborne spores. This means that dogs who spend time in areas with high levels of fungal spores, such as kennels or animal shelters, may be at a higher risk of contracting the infection.
  5. Dogs that are young, elderly, or have a pre-existing medical condition may also be more susceptible to developing ringworm.

Symptoms:

a girl is massaging a dog

The symptoms of ringworm in dogs can vary depending on the severity of the infection, but typically include:

  1. Circular or irregular bald patches on the skin: These areas of hair loss can be red, scaly, and itchy, and may have a crusty appearance. The patches may increase in size over time and may have a raised edge.
  2. Skin lesions: Dogs with ringworm may develop raised, scaly lesions on the skin that may be crusty and inflamed.
  3. Dandruff: Affected areas may have an increased amount of flaky skin and dandruff.
  4. Itching: The dog may scratch or lick the affected areas due to itchiness.
  5. Discoloration of hair: Infected hair may become discolored, brittle, and break easily.
  6. Infection of the nails: In some cases, ringworm can cause an infection in the nails, resulting in thickened, brittle, and discolored nails.

It is important to note that some dogs may not show any symptoms of ringworm, or may only show mild symptoms. If you suspect your dog may have ringworm, it is important to have them examined by a veterinarian for a proper diagnosis and treatment.

Diagnose:

Close up vet wearing gloves

Diagnosing ringworm in dogs typically involves a combination of a physical examination, skin scrapings, and fungal cultures. Here’s a brief explanation of each:

  1. Physical examination: Your veterinarian will examine your dog’s skin and hair for signs of ringworm, such as bald patches, redness, and scaly lesions.
  2. Skin scrapings: Your veterinarian may take skin scrapings from the affected area to examine under a microscope for evidence of fungal spores.
  3. Fungal cultures: Your veterinarian may also take a sample of hair or skin from your dog and send it to a laboratory to grow and identify the fungus causing the infection.
  4. Wood’s Lamp Examination: In some cases, a Wood’s lamp examination may also be used to diagnose ringworm. This involves shining a special type of light on the affected area to see if it fluoresces, which can indicate the presence of certain types of fungi that cause ringworm.

It’s important to note that some cases of ringworm can be difficult to diagnose, and multiple tests may be needed. If your veterinarian suspects ringworm, they may recommend treatment even before a definitive diagnosis is made, in order to prevent the infection from spreading to other pets or humans.

Treatment:

Young woman taking a bath with her favorite dog

The treatment of ringworm in dogs typically involves a combination of antifungal medication and supportive care. Here are some common treatments:

  1. Antifungal medication: The primary treatment for ringworm in dogs is antifungal medication, which can be administered orally or topically. Oral medications, such as itraconazole or terbinafine, may be prescribed for severe or widespread infections, while topical medications, such as miconazole or clotrimazole, may be used for milder cases.
  2. Shampoo therapy: Medicated shampoos containing antifungal agents, such as chlorhexidine or ketoconazole, may be used to bathe your dog and help remove fungal spores from the skin and hair.
  3. Isolation and hygiene: To prevent the spread of ringworm to other pets and humans, infected dogs should be isolated from other animals and their bedding, grooming tools, and other items should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected. Regular bathing and grooming can also help reduce the spread of fungal spores.
  4. Supportive care: In addition to antifungal medication, supportive care may include providing a nutritious diet, managing any secondary infections that may have developed, and using an anti-itch medication, such as topical hydrocortisone cream or oral antihistamines, to help relieve itching and discomfort.

It’s important to follow your veterinarian’s treatment plan closely and continue treatment for the recommended duration, even if your dog’s symptoms improve. Failure to complete the full course of treatment can result in a recurrence of the infection. Regular follow-up visits with your veterinarian may also be recommended to monitor your dog’s progress and adjust the treatment plan as needed.

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March 16, 2023
CityPetHEALTHTips

How To Get Rid of Bad breath in Dogs?

Bad breath in dogs is typically characterized by an unpleasant odor coming from their mouth. It can be caused by a number of factors, such as poor oral hygiene, periodontal disease, bacteria in the mouth causing decay and smelly sulfur compounds, or an underlying health issue such as kidney or liver disease.

Regular dental cleanings and maintaining good oral hygiene can help prevent bad breath in dogs. If you notice persistent bad breath in your dog, it’s important to consult with a veterinarian to determine the root cause and appropriate treatment.

Causes of Bad Breath in Dogs

the most common causes of bad breath in dogs are:

  • Poor oral hygiene
  • Periodontal disease (dental or gum disease)
  • Bacteria in the mouth cause decay and smelly sulfur compounds
  • Something they ate
  • Kidney disease 
  • Liver disease

It’s important to note that bad breath in dogs can also indicate other underlying health issues, so it’s best to consult with a veterinarian to determine the root cause and appropriate treatment. 

1. Dental disease:

dog showing teeth

Dental disease is a common cause of bad breath in dogs. This can include periodontal disease, which is characterized by infection and inflammation of the gums, as well as fractured teeth, oral tumors, and other oral health issues. These conditions can lead to the buildup of bacteria in the mouth, which can produce unpleasant odors and contribute to bad breath.

In addition, more serious dental issues such as abscesses and gum disease can lead to infections that can spread to other parts of the body, making regular dental care for dogs important in maintaining their overall health.

2. Mucus Build-up

Dogs who suffer from allergies can experience chronic bad breath due to their congested sinuses and lungs. When the nose is constantly filled with secretions, it causes an unpleasant odor that cannot be avoided. Fortunately, there are ways to help alleviate these symptoms so your pup can have fresher breath.

3. Pregnancy/nursing

During pregnancy, nursing, and lactation in dogs, hormonal changes can cause an increase in oral bacteria leading to bad breath. Additionally, many pregnant dogs experience nausea which leads to increased salivation and the expiration of more gases from their mouths.

4. Not Brushing Your dog’s Teeth Regularly

Boy helping his dog to wash his teeth at home

Maintaining your dog’s oral hygiene is a crucial part of keeping their breath fresh and healthy. Brushing your pup’s teeth should be done at least twice daily, using toothpaste that contains cavity-fighting ingredients. For an alternative to regular brushing, dental chews are also an option – just make sure they’re edible!

5. Food Allergies

Beautiful pet portrait of dog with food

Food allergies can cause bad breath in dogs if they manifest as GI upset or gastrointestinal diseases. Food allergy symptoms in dogs can include vomiting, diarrhea, excessive gas, and abdominal discomfort, all of which can contribute to bad breath.

Additionally, dogs with food allergies may develop inflammation in the mouth, which can lead to oral malodor. Therefore, it’s possible that food allergies can indirectly cause bad breath in dogs through various mechanisms. However, it’s always best to consult a veterinarian when your dog experiences any unusual symptoms or changes in behavior.

6. Dry Mouth

Side view woman with cute dog

When a dog’s mouth is dry, it means they’re not producing enough saliva to keep their mouth clean and moist. Saliva contains antibacterial compounds that help fight infection and prevent the growth of bacteria that cause bad breath. When there’s not enough saliva, bacteria can accumulate in the mouth, and their growth can cause an unpleasant odor, leading to bad breath.

Additionally, a dry mouth can also cause the tongue and gums to become irritated or inflamed, which can also contribute to bad breath. Therefore, a dry mouth can indirectly contribute to bad breath in dogs by allowing bacteria to multiply and spread in the mouth.

7. Achlorhydria

If your dog’s breath has a sulfuric or rotten egg-like smell when he is panting, it could be due to achlorhydria (lack of proper stomach acid production). This occurs when there is an overproduction of stomach acid caused by vomiting or diarrhea, resulting in an imbalance between hydrochloric and stomach acids during digestion.

8. Kidney, Liver, or Diabetes Disease

Woman sitting with two irish setters

Kidney, liver or diabetes disease can cause bad breath in dogs through a variety of mechanisms.

In kidney disease, bad breath can be caused by the buildup of urea in the blood. The urea can be excreted through the dog’s breath, giving it a characteristic ammonia or urine-like odor.

In liver disease, the bad breath can be caused by a buildup of toxins in the blood or by a gastrointestinal disturbance, which can both lead to changes in breath odor.

In diabetes, the bad breath can be caused by an excess of ketones in the bloodstream, which can lead to the production of fruity or sweet-smelling breath.

It’s important to note that bad breath alone is not a definitive symptom of any of these conditions, and other symptoms may present as well. Therefore, if your dog has persistent bad breath or any other unusual symptoms, it’s important to consult a veterinarian as soon as possible.

Get rid of Bad breath in Dogs

On the run. maltipu little dog is posing. get rid of bad breath in dog

To get rid of bad breath in dogs, here are some things you can try:

  • Brush your dog’s teeth with dog toothpaste and a toothbrush on a regular basis 
  • Use enzymatically coated dental chews or dental treats to help clean your dog’s teeth.
  • Offer to chew toys that promote dental health and encourage your dog to chew.
  • Provide your dog with a healthy diet that’s low in sugar and high in nutrients, which can help prevent the buildup of plaque.
  • Use a water additive designed to promote good oral hygiene and freshen your dog’s breath.
  • Visit your veterinarian for regular dental cleanings and checkups to ensure your dog’s oral health is in good condition.

It’s important to note that persistent bad breath in dogs may be an indication of an underlying health issue, such as periodontal disease or kidney or liver disease. If your dog’s bad breath persists despite your efforts to address it, it’s important to consult with a veterinarian to determine the root cause and appropriate treatment.

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March 11, 2023
CityPetHEALTHTips

Split Nails in Dog: Causes, Symptoms, & Treatments

Split nails in dogs occur when the dog’s nail splits or cracks, usually vertically down the middle of the nail. This can be a painful and uncomfortable condition for the dog, as the split nail can catch on things and cause further damage to the nail bed and surrounding tissue.

Split nails in dogs can be caused by a variety of factors, including trauma to the nail, exposure to extreme temperatures, nutritional deficiencies, and underlying health conditions such as hypothyroidism or Cushing’s disease. Dogs that engage in a lot of digging or scratching may also be more prone to split nails.

Treatment for split nails in dogs will depend on the severity of the split and the underlying cause. To prevent split nails in dogs, it’s important to keep their nails trimmed and well-maintained, providing a healthy and balanced diet, and minimize exposure to extreme temperatures and rough surfaces that can cause trauma to the nails. 

Cause of Split Nails in Dogs

Veterinarian taking care of pet dog

Split nails in dogs can be caused by various factors, including:

  1. Trauma: Dogs can split their nails when they accidentally catch them on something or when they get their nails caught in between surfaces. This can happen during play, exercise, or even while walking.
  2. Nutritional Deficiencies: A dog’s nails need proper nutrition to grow strong and healthy. If a dog is not receiving adequate nutrition or is deficient in certain nutrients, such as biotin or zinc, their nails may become weak and prone to splitting.
  3. Environmental factors: Exposure to extreme temperatures, such as extreme cold or heat, can cause a dog’s nails to become brittle and more likely to split. Walking on rough or hard surfaces can also cause trauma to the nails and lead to splitting.
  4. Underlying Health Conditions: Certain underlying health conditions, such as hypothyroidism or Cushing’s disease, can cause a dog’s nails to become weak and prone to splitting.
  5. Genetics: Some breeds are more prone to nail problems than others. For example, dogs with long and curved nails, such as Afghan Hounds, are more prone to splitting.

It is important to have your dog evaluated by a veterinarian if you notice that they have split nails. The underlying cause of the problem will need to be identified and treated to prevent the problem from recurring.

Symptoms of Split Nails

Human's hand and dog's paw handshake

The symptoms of split nails in dogs may vary depending on the severity of the condition. Some common symptoms of split nails in dogs include:

  1. Limping or favoring a paw: Dogs with split nails may limp or favor the affected paw, as it may be painful to walk on.
  2. Bleeding or discharge: If the split is deep, the nail bed may be exposed, leading to bleeding or discharge from the affected area.
  3. Swelling or redness: The affected paw may be swollen or appear red, indicating inflammation and possible infection.
  4. Discomfort or pain: Dogs with split nails may display signs of discomfort, such as whining or licking at the affected paw.
  5. Changes in nail appearance: Split nails may cause the affected nail to appear misshapen, jagged, or uneven. In some cases, the affected nail may even break off completely.

If you notice any of these symptoms in your dog, it is important to seek veterinary care promptly. Split nails can be painful and uncomfortable for dogs, and if left untreated, they can lead to infection and further complications. Your veterinarian can help diagnose the underlying cause of the problem and recommend appropriate treatment options.

Treatment of Split Nails

Sausage dog or weiner dog stand and watch the doctor helping hurt or cut the leg let the medical officer wrap white tape

The treatment of split nails in dogs will depend on the severity of the condition and the underlying cause. Here are some common treatments for split nails in dogs:

  1. Trimming the nail: In some cases, trimming the split nail may be necessary to prevent further damage and promote healing. This should be done by a veterinarian or a professional groomer to avoid causing pain or further injury to the dog.
  2. Removing the nail: If the split is deep and the nail is causing significant pain and discomfort to the dog, the nail may need to be removed under anesthesia. This procedure is usually performed by a veterinarian and involves removing the affected nail and cleaning the nail bed to prevent infection.
  3. Medications: If the split nail is caused by an underlying health condition, such as a fungal infection or a nutritional deficiency, medications may be prescribed to treat the underlying problem.
  4. Topical treatments: In some cases, topical treatments, such as antibiotic ointments or anti-inflammatory creams, may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and promote healing.
  5. Preventative care: To prevent future occurrences of split nails, it is important to maintain good nail hygiene by keeping your dog’s nails trimmed and avoiding exposure to rough surfaces. A healthy and balanced diet, as well as regular veterinary check-ups, can also help prevent nutritional deficiencies and identify underlying health conditions that may contribute to split nails.

It is important to seek veterinary care promptly if you notice any symptoms of split nails in your dog. With proper treatment and preventative care, most dogs can recover from split nails and return to normal activities without further complications.

Precaution for Split Nails in Dogs

White fluffy cat. veterinarian with cats. animals on the couch.

Split nails in dogs can be a painful and uncomfortable condition. Here are some precautions you can take to help your dog:

  1. Keep your dog’s nails trimmed: Regular trimming of your dog’s nails can help prevent split nails from occurring. Be careful not to cut the nails too short, as this can also cause injury.
  2. Avoid rough surfaces: Avoid walking your dog on rough surfaces such as concrete or gravel. Instead, stick to grass or dirt paths, or use paw protectors to reduce the impact on the nails.
  3. Provide proper nutrition: Proper nutrition is important for maintaining healthy nails in dogs. Make sure your dog’s diet contains enough protein, vitamins, and minerals to support healthy nail growth.
  4. Check for underlying health issues: Split nails can be a sign of underlying health issues such as hypothyroidism or fungal infection. If your dog’s nails are frequently splitting, it’s important to have them checked by a veterinarian.
  5. Use protective nail caps: Protective nail caps can be used to cover the nails and prevent them from splitting. These caps are applied with a special adhesive and need to be replaced every few weeks.

Overall, it’s important to pay attention to your dog’s nails and take steps to prevent split nails from occurring. If you notice any signs of pain or discomfort, contact your veterinarian for advice.

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March 4, 2023
CityPetHEALTH

Addison Disease in Pets: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

Addison’s disease, also known as hypoadrenocorticism, is a medical condition that can affect dogs and cats. It occurs when the adrenal glands, which are located near the kidneys, are not producing enough of the hormones that they are responsible for producing.

These hormones, such as cortisol and aldosterone, are essential for many bodily functions, including regulating metabolism, managing stress, and maintaining proper fluid and electrolyte balance.

In pets with Addison’s disease, the immune system mistakenly attacks and damages the adrenal glands, which results in decreased hormone production. This can lead to a range of symptoms, including lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, dehydration, and occasionally collapse or shock.

Addison’s disease can be difficult to diagnose as the symptoms can be non-specific and mimic other medical conditions. With appropriate treatment, most pets with Addison’s disease can lead normal, happy lives.

Causes of Addison's Disease in Pets

Routine check of puppy's health

The causes of Addison’s disease in pets can vary, but the condition generally occurs when the adrenal glands are not functioning properly. Here are some potential causes:

  1. Autoimmune disease: In dogs, Addison’s disease is often caused by an autoimmune reaction in which the body’s immune system attacks and damages the adrenal glands. This is the most common cause of the disease in dogs.
  2. Medications: Long-term use of corticosteroids, such as prednisone, can suppress the adrenal glands and lead to Addison’s disease.
  3. Cancer: Adrenal gland tumors or metastatic cancer from other parts of the body can also cause Addison’s disease.
  4. Infections: Certain bacterial, viral, or fungal infections can damage the adrenal glands and cause Addison’s disease.
  5. Genetics: Some breeds of dogs, such as Standard Poodles, Bearded Collies, and Portuguese Water Dogs, may have a higher incidence of Addison’s disease due to a genetic predisposition.
  6. Trauma: Physical trauma, such as injury to the adrenal glands or surgical removal of the glands, can also cause Addison’s disease.
  7. Other factors: Some other factors that may contribute to Addison’s disease in pets include prolonged stress, malnutrition, and exposure to toxins or environmental pollutants.

Symptoms of Addison's Disease

Close up on veterinarian taking care of dog

The symptoms of Addison’s disease in pets can be vague and may overlap with other health conditions, making it difficult to diagnose. However, some common symptoms of Addison’s disease in pets include:

  1. Lethargy or weakness: Pets with Addison’s disease may appear tired or weak and may have a decreased energy level.
  2. Vomiting or diarrhea: Pets may experience vomiting or diarrhea, which can be intermittent or chronic.
  3. Loss of appetite: Pets may lose their appetite or refuse to eat altogether.
  4. Weight loss: Pets may experience weight loss despite a normal or increased appetite.
  5. Dehydration: Pets may become dehydrated, which can cause dry or tacky gums, sunken eyes, or decreased skin elasticity.
  6. Increased thirst and urination: Pets may drink more water than usual and urinate more frequently.
  7. Shaking or trembling: Pets may experience shaking or trembling, particularly during times of stress.
  8. Collapse or shock: In severe cases, pets with Addison’s disease may collapse or go into shock.

It’s important to note that not all pets with Addison’s disease will display all of these symptoms, and some pets may have no symptoms at all. If you notice any changes in your pet’s behavior or health, it’s important to consult with a veterinarian for a proper diagnosis and treatment.

Diagnose Addison's Disease

Close up of a sick persian cat lying at the examination table while a woman and man vet put on a vaccine or medicine with syringe

Diagnosing Addison’s disease in pets can be challenging because the symptoms can be vague and may overlap with other health conditions. However, there are several tests that can be done to help diagnose the disease. Here are some of the most common diagnostic tests:

  1. Blood tests: Blood tests can measure hormone levels, electrolyte levels, and other markers that can indicate Addison’s disease. The most common blood test is an ACTH stimulation test, which involves measuring hormone levels before and after an injection of a hormone called ACTH.
  2. Urine tests: Urine tests can also help evaluate hormone levels and electrolyte imbalances.
  3. X-rays and ultrasounds: X-rays and ultrasounds can help evaluate the size and shape of the adrenal glands and detect any abnormalities that may indicate Addison’s disease.
  4. Electrocardiogram (ECG): An ECG can be performed to check for any heart rhythm abnormalities, which can be a symptom of Addison’s disease.
  5. Response to treatment: Sometimes, a diagnosis of Addison’s disease may be made based on how well a pet responds to hormone replacement therapy. If a pet’s symptoms improve with hormone replacement therapy, it may be indicative of Addison’s disease.

It’s important to note that no single test can definitively diagnose Addison’s disease, and multiple tests may be needed to make a diagnosis. If you suspect that your pet may have Addison’s disease, it’s important to consult with a veterinarian for a proper diagnosis and treatment.

Treatment for Addison's Disease

Vet giving to ill cat some pills

The treatment for Addison’s disease in pets typically involves lifelong hormone replacement therapy to replace the hormones that the adrenal glands are not producing. Here are some of the most common treatment options:

  1. Corticosteroids: Pets with Addison’s disease are typically given daily doses of corticosteroids, such as prednisone or prednisolone, to replace the missing hormones.
  2. Mineralocorticoids: In some cases, pets may also need to take a hormone called fludrocortisone to replace aldosterone, which helps regulate electrolyte balance.
  3. Injectable emergency treatment: In severe cases of Addison’s disease, pets may need emergency treatment with an injection of a hormone called dexamethasone sodium phosphate to prevent life-threatening shock.
  4. Regular veterinary check-ups: Pets with Addison’s disease will need to have regular veterinary check-ups to monitor their hormone levels, electrolyte balance, and overall health. The dosage of medications may need to be adjusted over time to ensure that the pet is receiving the appropriate amount of hormone replacement therapy.
  5. Additional treatments: Pets with Addison’s disease may also need additional treatments for any underlying conditions that may be contributing to their symptoms, such as infections or cancer.

It’s important to note that with proper treatment and management, pets with Addison’s disease can live happy and healthy lives. However, it’s important to work closely with a veterinarian to monitor the pet’s health and adjust the treatment plan as needed.

If you have trouble understanding Addison’s disease in Pets, you can always contact us as City Pet Hospital have expert vets who are specialized in many diseases related to pets.

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March 3, 2023
CityPetHEALTH

Cushing Syndrome in Pets: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

Cushing’s Syndrome, also known as hyperadrenocorticism, is a condition that can affect pets, especially dogs. It occurs when the body produces an excessive amount of the hormone cortisol.

Cortisol is a hormone that helps the body respond to stress, regulates blood sugar levels, and controls inflammation. However, when the body produces too much cortisol, it can lead to a variety of health problems.

Cushing’s Syndrome can be caused by a variety of factors, including a tumor in the pituitary gland or adrenal gland, or prolonged use of steroids.

If you suspect that your pet has Cushing’s Syndrome, it is important to take them to a veterinarian for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan. Treatment may include medication, surgery, or other forms of therapy depending on the underlying cause of the condition.

Causes of Cushing Syndrome in Pets

Cushing Syndrome in Pets- a dog is hugging his owner

Cushing’s Syndrome in pets is primarily caused by the overproduction of the hormone cortisol, which can be caused by several underlying factors, including:

  1. Pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism: This is the most common cause of Cushing’s Syndrome in dogs and occurs when a tumor in the pituitary gland causes an overproduction of the hormone ACTH, which stimulates the adrenal glands to produce excessive amounts of cortisol.
  2. Adrenal-dependent hyperadrenocorticism: This occurs when a tumor in one or both of the adrenal glands causes an overproduction of cortisol.
  3. Iatrogenic Cushing’s Syndrome: This is caused by prolonged administration of corticosteroid medications, which are often used to treat inflammatory or autoimmune conditions.
  4. Ectopic ACTH syndrome: This is a rare form of Cushing’s Syndrome caused by a tumor that produces ACTH outside of the pituitary gland.
  5. Familial or genetic predisposition: Certain breeds, such as Poodles, Dachshunds, Boxers, and Beagles, may be more susceptible to developing Cushing’s Syndrome.

It’s important to note that some of these causes are more common in dogs than cats, and the clinical signs and symptoms of Cushing’s Syndrome may vary depending on the underlying cause. A veterinarian can perform diagnostic tests to determine the cause of the condition and recommend appropriate treatment options.

Symptoms of Cushing Syndrome in Pets

Cute rescue dog at shelter being held by woman

The symptoms of Cushing’s Syndrome in pets can vary depending on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. However, some common symptoms of Cushing’s Syndrome in pets include:

  1. Increased thirst and urination: Pets with Cushing’s Syndrome may drink and urinate more frequently than normal.
  2. Increased appetite: Pets with Cushing’s Syndrome may have an increased appetite and may beg for food more often.
  3. Weight gain: Pets with Cushing’s Syndrome may gain weight, especially in their abdomen and chest area.
  4. Hair loss: Pets with Cushing’s Syndrome may experience hair loss, especially on their flanks, tail, and back legs.
  5. Pot-bellied appearance: Pets with Cushing’s Syndrome may develop a rounded, pot-bellied appearance due to an accumulation of fat in the abdominal area.
  6. Thin skin: Pets with Cushing’s Syndrome may have thin, fragile skin that bruises easily.
  7. Muscle weakness: Pets with Cushing’s Syndrome may have decreased muscle mass and may be less active than usual.
  8. Panting: Pets with Cushing’s Syndrome may pant excessively, especially when they are not exerting themselves.
  9. Skin infections: Pets with Cushing’s Syndrome may be prone to skin infections, which can cause itching and discomfort.

If you notice any of these symptoms in your pet, it’s important to take them to a veterinarian for an evaluation. A veterinarian can perform diagnostic tests to determine if your pet has Cushing’s Syndrome and recommend appropriate treatment options.

Diagnose of Cushing Syndrome

Close up on veterinarian taking care of dog

The diagnosis of Cushing’s Syndrome in pets can involve a combination of diagnostic tests and examinations. Here are some common diagnostic methods used by veterinarians:

  1. Physical examination: The veterinarian will perform a thorough physical examination of the pet, looking for any signs of Cushing’s Syndrome such as hair loss, thin skin, a pot-bellied appearance, or muscle weakness.
  2. Blood tests: Blood tests can help evaluate the levels of cortisol in the pet’s blood. Different blood tests can help differentiate between the different forms of Cushing’s Syndrome.
  3. Urine tests: Urine tests can also help evaluate the levels of cortisol in the pet’s urine, which can provide additional information to support a diagnosis.
  4. ACTH stimulation test: This test involves measuring the pet’s cortisol levels before and after the administration of synthetic ACTH, which can help determine if the pet’s adrenal glands are producing excessive amounts of cortisol.
  5. Low-dose dexamethasone suppression test: This test involves administering a low dose of dexamethasone, which is a synthetic steroid. The pet’s cortisol levels are measured before and after the administration of dexamethasone to determine if the pet’s adrenal glands are producing excessive amounts of cortisol.
  6. Imaging tests: X-rays, ultrasounds, or CT scans can help identify any tumors or abnormalities in the pet’s adrenal glands or other organs.
  7. Endocrine testing: This involves measuring the levels of different hormones involved in the regulation of cortisol production. This testing can help identify the specific cause of Cushing’s Syndrome in the pet.

If you suspect that your pet has Cushing’s Syndrome, it’s important to take them to a veterinarian for a proper diagnosis. A veterinarian can recommend appropriate testing and help develop a treatment plan to manage the pet’s condition.

Treatments for Cushing Syndrome

Close up on veterinarian taking care of dog

The treatment of Cushing’s Syndrome in pets will depend on the underlying cause of the condition. Here are some common treatment options:

  1. Medications: Medications can be used to manage the symptoms of Cushing’s Syndrome, especially if the underlying cause cannot be addressed. This may involve the use of drugs such as trilostane, which inhibits cortisol production.
  2. Surgery: If the underlying cause of Cushing’s Syndrome is a tumor in the adrenal gland or pituitary gland, surgical removal may be recommended. This is often the most effective treatment for adrenal-dependent Cushing’s Syndrome.
  3. Radiation therapy: If a tumor cannot be surgically removed, radiation therapy may be used to shrink the tumor and reduce the pet’s cortisol levels.
  4. Dietary changes: Changing the pet’s diet can help manage its weight and reduce the risk of obesity, which is a common symptom of Cushing’s Syndrome.
  5. Monitoring: Once a pet has been diagnosed with Cushing’s Syndrome, it will need to be monitored regularly to ensure that its cortisol levels are within a healthy range. This may involve regular blood tests and follow-up appointments with a veterinarian.

It’s important to note that the treatment of Cushing’s Syndrome can be complex and may require ongoing management. A veterinarian can recommend appropriate treatment options based on the underlying cause of the pet’s condition and their overall health status. With proper treatment and management, many pets with Cushing’s Syndrome can live happy, healthy lives.

If you have trouble understanding Cushing Syndrome in Pets, you can always contact us, as City Pet Hospital has expert vets who are specialized in many diseases related to pets.

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March 1, 2023
CityPetHEALTH

Rabies in Dogs: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

Rabies is a viral disease that affects the nervous system of mammals, including dogs. It is caused by the rabies virus, which is typically transmitted through the bite of an infected animal.

In dogs, rabies initially causes non-specific symptoms such as fever, lethargy, and loss of appetite. As the virus progresses, it attacks the nervous system, causing more severe symptoms such as agitation, hypersensitivity to touch and sound, and muscle weakness or paralysis. Eventually, the disease can lead to coma and death.

Rabies is a serious disease that can be fatal if left untreated. In order to prevent the spread of the virus, it is important to vaccinate dogs against rabies and avoid contact with animals that may be infected. If you suspect that your dog may have rabies, you should contact a veterinarian immediately.

Causes of Rabies in Dogs:

Vicious dog showing teeth and biting hand

Rabies in dogs is caused by a virus known as the rabies virus. This virus is usually transmitted through the bite of an infected animal, such as a wild animal like a raccoon, bat, skunk, or fox, or an infected domestic animal such as dogs, cats, or livestock.

The virus is found in the saliva and nervous tissue of an infected animal, and it can be transmitted to a dog through a bite, scratch, or even through the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, or mouth if they come into contact with infected saliva.

Once the virus enters the dog’s body, it travels to the brain and nervous system, where it causes inflammation and damage. The virus can take anywhere from a few weeks to several months to incubate before symptoms start to show.

Dogs that are not vaccinated against rabies are at the highest risk of contracting the disease, and unvaccinated dogs that come into contact with wildlife or other infected animals are particularly vulnerable. 

It’s important to note that rabies is a zoonotic disease, meaning it can be transmitted from infected animals to humans, so it’s crucial to take precautions and get treatment promptly if exposed to an infected animal.

Symptoms of Rabies in Dogs:

Greek hound dog sleeping comfortably tucked under a towel

The symptoms of rabies in dogs can be divided into two stages: the prodromal stage and the furious (or encephalitic) stage.

  1. Prodromal stage: This stage lasts for about 2-3 days and is characterized by non-specific symptoms such as:
  • Fever
  • Lethargy
  • Loss of appetite
  • Restlessness or nervousness
  • Discomfort or pain at the site of the bite
  1. Furious (or encephalitic) stage: This stage typically lasts for 2-4 days and is characterized by more severe symptoms, such as:
  • Aggression or irritability
  • Hypersensitivity to touch, sound, and light
  • Muscle spasms or tremors
  • Seizures or convulsions
  • Paralysis
  • Difficulty swallowing or drooling

Some dogs may also exhibit a “dumb” form of rabies, which is characterized by lethargy, depression, and weakness instead of aggression.

It’s important to note that the symptoms of rabies can vary depending on the individual dog and the progression of the disease, and not all dogs will exhibit every symptom. If you suspect that your dog may have been exposed to rabies or is exhibiting any of these symptoms, it’s important to contact a veterinarian immediately.

Diagnosis:

Close up on veterinarian taking care of dog

Diagnosing rabies in dogs typically involves a combination of clinical signs, medical history, and laboratory testing.

  1. Clinical signs and medical history: A veterinarian will evaluate the dog’s symptoms and medical history to determine if there is a possibility of rabies infection. They will also ask about any possible exposure to other animals that may have been infected.
  2. Laboratory testing: If the veterinarian suspects rabies, they may perform laboratory tests to confirm the diagnosis. The most common test is the fluorescent antibody test, which involves examining a sample of the dog’s brain tissue under a microscope for the presence of the rabies virus. This test can only be performed after the dog has died.

    Another test that can be performed while the dog is alive is a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test, which can detect the virus in the dog’s saliva or cerebrospinal fluid.
  1. Observation: In some cases, a dog suspected of having rabies may be quarantined and observed for a period of time to see if they develop symptoms of the disease. This is usually done if the dog has been vaccinated against rabies, has no known exposure to the virus, or if the exposure was minimal.

It’s important to note that early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in preventing the spread of rabies to humans and other animals. If you suspect that your dog may have been exposed to rabies or is exhibiting symptoms of the disease, contact a veterinarian immediately.

Treatments:

Close up on veterinarian taking care of dog

Unfortunately, there is no cure for rabies once clinical signs appear in dogs. Rabies is a fatal disease, and infected dogs usually die within 10 days of the onset of symptoms. Therefore, the primary focus of treatment is to prevent the spread of the virus to other animals or humans.

  1. Quarantine: If a dog has been exposed to a rabid animal or is suspected of having rabies, it may be placed in quarantine for up to six months to prevent the spread of the virus. This is to allow time to monitor the dog for symptoms of rabies and to prevent any potential exposure to humans or other animals.
  2. Euthanasia: In cases where a dog has been diagnosed with rabies, euthanasia may be recommended to prevent the spread of the virus to humans or other animals.
  3. Vaccination: Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent rabies in dogs. Dogs should be vaccinated against rabies as puppies, and then receive regular booster shots throughout their lives.
  4. Post-exposure prophylaxis: In cases where a dog has been exposed to a rabid animal or is suspected of having rabies, post-exposure prophylaxis may be recommended. This involves a series of injections of the rabies vaccine and immunoglobulin, which can help prevent the onset of symptoms and reduce the risk of transmission to other animals or humans.

It’s important to note that early intervention is crucial in the prevention of rabies. If you suspect that your dog has been exposed to rabies or is exhibiting symptoms of the disease, contact a veterinarian immediately.

If you have trouble understanding Rabies, you can always contact us as City Pet Hospital have expert vets who are specialized in many diseases related to pets.

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